涤纶改性
Modification of polyester
涤纶和天然纤维相比存在含水率低、透气性差、染色性差、容易起球起毛、易沾污等缺点。为了改善这些缺点，采取化学改性和物理变形的方法。化学改性方法有：①添加有亲水基团的单体或低聚体聚乙二醇等进行共聚，能提高纤维的吸湿率；②添加具有抗静电性能的单体进行共聚，可以提高纤维的抗静电和抗沾污性能；③添加含磷、含卤素和锑的化合物以改善纤维耐燃烧性能；④采用较低聚合度的聚酯纺丝以提高抗起球能力；⑤与亲染料基团的单体（如磺酸盐等）进行共聚，以改善纤维的染色性能。经过物理变形的有各种异形涤纶、与其他高聚物复合纺丝、着色的涤纶、细旦涤纶和高收缩涤纶等。
Compared with natural fiber, polyester fiber has some disadvantages, such as low moisture content, poor air permeability, poor dyeing, easy pilling and pilling, easy contamination and so on. In order to improve these shortcomings, chemical modification and physical deformation are adopted. The chemical modification methods are as follows: 1) copolymerization of monomers with hydrophilic groups or oligomer polyethylene glycol can improve the moisture absorption rate of the fiber; 2) copolymerization with antistatic monomers can improve the antistatic and anti fouling properties of the fiber; 3) adding compounds containing phosphorus, halogen and antimony to improve the flame resistance of the fiber; 4) using polyester spinning with lower degree of polymerization In order to improve the anti pilling ability of the fiber, and (5) to copolymerize with the monomers (such as sulfonate) of dyestuff group to improve the dyeing performance of the fiber. After physical deformation, there are various profiled polyester, composite spinning with other polymers, dyed polyester, fine denier polyester and high shrinkage polyester.